Friday

Android (operating system)

129 comments

 

Android
Android robot.svg
Android screenshot.png
Android 2.3 "Gingerbread"
Company / developerGoogle Inc.,
Open Handset Alliance
Programmed inC (core),[1] C++ (some third party libraries), Java (UI)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelFree and open source software
Initial release21 October 2008 (2008-10-21)
Latest stable release2.3.2 (Gingerbread) Build: GRH78C[2] / 21 January 2011; 7 days ago (2011-01-21)[2]
Supported platformsARM, MIPS, Power Architecture, x86[citation needed]
Kernel typeMonolithic (modified Linux kernel)
Default user interfaceGraphical
LicenseApache 2.0 (Linux kernel patches are licensed under GPL v2[3])
Official websiteandroid.com
Android is a mobile operating system initially developed by Android Inc. Android was bought by Google in 2005.[4] Android is based upon a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.[5][6] The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.[7] Unit sales for Android OS smartphones ranked first among all smartphone OS handsets sold in the U.S. in the second and third quarters of 2010,[8][9][10] with a third quarter market share of 43.6%.[11]
Android has a large community of developers writing application programs ("apps") that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 200,000 apps available for Android.[12]Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can be downloaded from third-party sites (AT&T permits third-party apps only on their Aria phone [13]). Developers write primarily in the Java language, controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries.[14] Python, Ruby and other languages are also available for Android development via the Android Scripting Environment.
The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 79 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.[15][16] Google released most of the Android code under the Apache License, a free software and open source license.[17]
The Android operating system software stack consists of Java applications running on a Java-based, object-oriented application framework on top of Java core libraries running on a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation. Libraries written in C include the surface manager, OpenCore[18] media framework, SQLite relational database management system, OpenGL ES 2.0 3D graphics API, WebKit layout engine, SGL graphics engine, SSL, and Bionic libc. The Android operating system consists of 12 million lines of code including 3 million lines of XML, 2.8 million lines of C, 2.1 million lines of Java, and 1.75 million lines of C++.[19]

 History

 Acquisition by Google

In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, USA.[20] Android's co-founders who went to work at Google included Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger),[21] Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.),[22] Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile),[23] and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV).[24] At the time, little was known about the functions of Android, Inc. other than that they made software for mobile phones.[20] This began rumors that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market.
At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel which they marketed to handset makers and carriers on the premise of providing a flexible, upgradable system. It was reported that Google had already lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.[25][26][27] More speculation that Google's Android would be entering the mobile-phone market came in December 2006.[28] Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal noted that Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it was working hard to deliver that. Print and online media outlets soon reported rumors that Google was developing a Google-branded handset.[29] More speculation followed reporting that as Google was defining technical specifications, it was showing prototypes to cell phone manufacturers and network operators.
In September 2007, InformationWeek covered an Evalueserve study reporting that Google had filed several patent applications in the area of mobile telephony.[30][31]

Open Handset Alliance

"Today's announcement is more ambitious than any single 'Google Phone' that the press has been speculating about over the past few weeks. Our vision is that the powerful platform we're unveiling will power thousands of different phone models."
Eric Schmidt, former Google Chairman/CEO[5]
On the 5th of November 2007 the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of several companies which include Texas Instruments, Broadcom Corporation, Google, HTC, Intel, LG, Marvell Technology Group, Motorola, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, Sprint Nextel and T-Mobile was unveiled with the goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.[5] Along with the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, the OHA also unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.[5]
On 9 December 2008, it was announced that 14 new members would be joining the Android Project, including PacketVideo, ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, Asustek Computer Inc, Garmin Ltd, Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group Plc.[32][33]

Licensing

With the exception of brief update periods, Android has been available under a free software / open source license since 21 October 2008. Google published the entire source code (including network and telephony stacks)[34] under an Apache License.[35] Google also keeps the reviewed issues list publicly open for anyone to see and comment.[36]

 Update history

Android has seen a number of updates since its original release. These updates to the base operating system typically fix bugs and add new features. Generally each update to the Android operating system is developed under a code name based on a dessert item. The code names are in alphabetical order.
1.0Released 23 September 2008[37]
1.1On 9 February 2009, Android 1.1 update for Android was released for T-Mobile G1 Only. Included in the update were:[38]
  • Multiple resolved issues
  • API changes
  • Maps adds details and reviews
  • Screen timeout longer when using speakerphone
  • "Show" & "Hide" Dialpad included in-call menu
  • Support for saving attachments from MMS
  • Support for marquee in layouts
1.5 (Cupcake)
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27
On 30 April 2009, the official 1.5 (Cupcake) update for Android was released.[39][40] There were several new features and UI updates included in the 1.5 update:[41]
  • Ability to record and watch videos through camcorder mode
  • Uploading videos to YouTube and pictures to Picasa directly from the phone
  • A new soft-keyboard with text-prediction
  • Bluetooth A2DP and AVRCP support
  • Ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset within a certain distance
  • New widgets and folders that can populate the Home screens
  • Animated screen transitions
1.6 (Donut)
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29[42]
On 15 September 2009, the 1.6 (Donut) SDK was released.[43][44] Included in the update were:[42]
  • An improved Android Market experience
  • An integrated camera, camcorder, and gallery interface
  • Gallery now enables users to select multiple photos for deletion
  • Updated Voice Search, with faster response and deeper integration with native applications, including the ability to dial contacts
  • Updated search experience to allow searching bookmarks, history, contacts, and the web from the home screen
  • Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine
  • Support for WVGA screen resolutions
  • Speed improvements in searching and camera applications
  • Gesture framework and GestureBuilder development tool
  • Google free turn-by-turn navigation
2.0 / 2.1 (Eclair)
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29[45]
On 26 October 2009, the 2.0 (Eclair) SDK was released.[46] Changes include:[47]
  • Optimized hardware speed
  • Support for more screen sizes and resolutions
  • Revamped UI
  • New Browser UI and HTML5 support
  • New contact lists
  • Better contrast ratio for backgrounds
  • Improved Google Maps 3.1.2
  • Microsoft Exchange Server by Exchange ActiveSync 2.5 support
  • Built in flash support for Camera
  • Digital Zoom
  • MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events[48]
  • Improved virtual keyboard
  • Bluetooth 2.1
  • Live Wallpapers
The 2.0.1 SDK was released on 3 December 2009.[49]
The 2.1 SDK was released on 12 January 2010.[50]
2.2 (Froyo)[51]
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32 [52] (2.2.2 latest release)
On 20 May 2010, the 2.2 (Froyo) SDK was released.[51] Changes included:[52]
  • General Android OS speed, memory, and performance optimizations[53]
  • Additional application speed improvements courtesy of JIT implementation[54]
  • Integration of Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application
  • Increased Microsoft Exchange support (security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization, remote wipe)
  • Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications
  • USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality
  • Added an option to disable data access over mobile network
  • Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features[53]
  • Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries
  • Voice dialing and contact sharing over Bluetooth
  • Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords
  • Support for file upload fields in the Browser application[55]
  • Support for installing applications to the expandable memory
  • Adobe Flash 10.1 support[56]
  • Support for extra high DPI screens (320 dpi), such as 4" 720p[57]
2.3 (Gingerbread)[58]
Based on Linux Kernel 2.6.35[59]
On 6 December 2010, the 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released.[58] Changes included:[59]
  • Updated user interface design
  • Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher)[57]
  • Native support for SIP VoIP telephony
  • Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding
  • New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost
  • Support for Near Field Communication
  • System-wide copy–paste functionalities
  • Redesigned multi-touch software keyboard
  • Enhanced support for native code development
  • Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers
  • Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance
  • Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers)
  • A download manager for long-running downloads
  • Improved power management and application control
  • Native support for multiple cameras
  • Switched from YAFFS to the ext4 filesystem[60]
3.0 (Honeycomb)[61]On 26 January 2011, a preview of the 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK was released. Changes include:[62]
  • Optimized tablet support with a new user interface
  • Three dimensional desktop with redesigned widgets
  • Refined multi-tasking
  • Browser enhancements including tabbed web pages, form auto-fill, bookmark syncing with Google Chrome, and private browsing
  • Support for video chat using Google Talk
  • Hardware acceleration
  • Support for multi-core processors
Ice Cream Sandwich[63]Possible mid-2011 release.[63]

Features

Current features and specifications:[64][65][66]
The Android Emulator default home screen (v1.5).
Architecture Diagram
Handset layoutsThe platform is adaptable to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.
StorageSQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes
ConnectivityAndroid supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, and WiMAX.
MessagingSMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and now Android Cloud to Device Messaging Framework (C2DM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service.
Web browserThe web browser available in Android is based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. The browser scores a 93/100 on the Acid3 Test.
Java supportWhile most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code is not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on the Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik is a specialized virtual machine designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU. J2ME support can be provided via third-party-applications.
Media supportAndroid supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC, HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP.[66]
Streaming media supportRTP/RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, ISMA), HTML progressive download (HTML5 <video> tag). Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic Streaming are supported by the Flash 10.1 plugin.[67] Apple HTTP Live Streaming is supported by RealPlayer for Mobile[68] and planned to be supported by the operating system in Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).[62] Microsoft Smooth Streaming is planned to be supported through the awaited port of Silverlight plugin to Android.
Additional hardware supportAndroid can use video/still cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, proximity and pressure sensors, thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.
Development environmentIncludes a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling. The integrated development environment (IDE) is Eclipse (currently 3.4 or greater) using the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin. The programming languages are Java and C/C++.
MarketThe Android Market is a catalog of applications that can be downloaded and installed to Android devices over-the-air, without the use of a PC.
Multi-touchAndroid has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. The feature was originally disabled at the kernel level (possibly to avoid infringing Apple's patents on touch-screen technology).[69] Google has since released an update for the Nexus One and the Motorola Droid which enables multi-touch natively.[70]
BluetoothSupports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), accessing the phone book (PBAP), voice dialing and sending contacts between phones. Keyboard, mouse and joystick (HID) support is available through manufacturer customizations and third-party applications. Full HID support is planned for Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).[62]
Video callingThe mainstream Android version does not support video calling, but some handsets have a customized version of the operating system which supports it, either via UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is planned for Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).
MultitaskingMultitasking of applications is available.[71]
Voice based featuresGoogle search through Voice has been available since initial release.[72] Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards.[73]
TetheringAndroid supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless/wired hotspot. Prior to Android 2.2 this was supported by third-party applications or manufacturer customizations.[74]

Hardware running Android

The Android OS can be used as an operating system for cellphones, netbooks and tablets, including the Dell Streak, Samsung Galaxy Tab and other devices.[75][76]
The world's first TV running Android, called Scandinavia, has also been launched by the company People of Lava.[77]
The first commercially available phone to run the Android operating system was the HTC Dream, released on 22 October 2008.[78]

[edit] Google's flagship smartphones

A list of Android phones that are marketed by Google and contain the "Pure Google" Android experience.

 Software development

Early Android device.
The early feedback on developing applications for the Android platform was mixed.[79] Issues cited include bugs, lack of documentation, inadequate QA infrastructure, and no public issue-tracking system. (Google announced an issue tracker on 18 January 2008.)[80] In December 2007, MergeLab mobile startup founder Adam MacBeth stated, "Functionality is not there, is poorly documented or just doesn't work... It's clearly not ready for prime time."[81] Despite this, Android-targeted applications began to appear the week after the platform was announced. The first publicly available application was the Snake game.[82][83] The Android Dev Phone is a SIM-unlocked and hardware-unlocked device that is designed for advanced developers. While developers can use regular consumer devices purchased at retail to test and use their applications, some developers may choose not to use a retail device, preferring an unlocked or no-contract device.

Software development kit

The Android software development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of development tools.[84] These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU), documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported development platforms include computers running Linux (any modern desktop Linux distribution), Mac OS X 10.4.9 or later, Windows XP or later. The officially supported integrated development environment (IDE) is Eclipse (currently 3.4, 3.5 or 3.6) using the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, though developers may use any text editor to edit Java and XML files then use command line tools (Java Development Kit and Apache Ant are required) to create, build and debug Android applications as well as control attached Android devices (e.g., triggering a reboot, installing software package(s) remotely).[85]
A preview release of the Android SDK was released on 12 November 2007. On 15 July 2008, the Android Developer Challenge Team accidentally sent an email to all entrants in the Android Developer Challenge announcing that a new release of the SDK was available in a "private" download area. The email was intended for winners of the first round of the Android Developer Challenge. The revelation that Google was supplying new SDK releases to some developers and not others (and keeping this arrangement private) led to widely reported frustration within the Android developer community at the time.[86]
On 18 August 2008 the Android 0.9 SDK beta was released. This release provided an updated and extended API, improved development tools and an updated design for the home screen. Detailed instructions for upgrading are available to those already working with an earlier release.[87] On 23 September 2008 the Android 1.0 SDK (Release 1) was released.[88] According to the release notes, it included "mainly bug fixes, although some smaller features were added". It also included several API changes from the 0.9 version. Multiple versions have been released since.[89]
Enhancements to Android's SDK go hand in hand with the overall Android platform development. The SDK also supports older versions of the Android platform in case developers wish to target their applications at older devices. Development tools are downloadable components, so after one has downloaded the latest version and platform, older platforms and tools can also be downloaded for compatibility testing.[90]
Android applications are packaged in .apk format and stored under /data/app folder on the Android OS (the folder is accessible to root user only for security reasons). APK package contains .dex files[91] (compiled byte code files called Dalvik executable), resource files, etc.

 Android Market

Android Market is the online software store developed by Google for Android devices. An application program ("app") called "Market" is preinstalled on most Android devices and allows users to browse and download apps published by third-party developers, hosted on Android Market. As of December 2010 there were about 200,000 games, applications and widgets available on the Android Market, with an estimated 2.5 billion total downloads.[92]
Only devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements are allowed to preinstall Google's closed-source Android Market app and access the Market.[93] The Market filters the list of applications presented by the Market app to those that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications to particular carriers or countries for business reasons. [94]
Google announced the Android Market on 28 August 2008, and it was available to users on 22 October 2008. Support for paid applications was available from 13 February 2009 for US and UK developers,[95] with additional support from 29 countries on 30 September 2010.[96]
Since apps can be installed using "apk"-files, alternatives, such as GetJar, coexist with the official Android Market.

 App Inventor for Android

On 12 July 2010 Google announced the availability of App Inventor for Android, a Web-based visual development environment for novice programmers, based on MIT's Open Blocks Java library and providing access to Android devices' GPS, accelerometer and orientation data, phone functions, text messaging, speech-to-text conversion, contact data, persistent storage, and Web services, initially including Amazon and Twitter.[97] "We could only have done this because Android’s architecture is so open," said the project director, MIT's Hal Abelson.[98] Under development for over a year,[99] the block-editing tool has been taught to non-majors in computer science at Harvard, MIT, Wellesley, and the University of San Francisco, where Professor David Wolber developed an introductory computer science course and tutorial book for non-computer science students based on App Inventor for Android.[100][101]

Android Developer Challenge

The Android Developer Challenge was a competition for the most innovative application for Android. Google offered prizes totaling 10 million US dollars, distributed between ADC I and ADC II. ADC I accepted submissions from 2 January to 14 April 2008. The 50 most promising entries, announced on 12 May 2008, each received a $25,000 award to fund further development.[102][103] It ended in early September with the announcement of ten teams that received $275,000 each, and ten teams that received $100,000 each.[104] ADC II was announced on 27 May 2009.[105] The first round of the ADC II closed on 6 October 2009.[106] The first-round winners of ADC II comprising the top 200 applications were announced on 5 November 2009. Voting for the second round also opened on the same day and ended on November 25. Google announced the top winners of ADC II on November 30, with SweetDreams, What the Doodle!? and WaveSecure being nominated the overall winners of the challenge.[107][108]

Google applications

Google has also participated in the Android Market by offering several applications for its services. These applications include Google Voice for the Google Voice service, Sky Map for watching stars, Finance for their finance service, Maps Editor for their MyMaps service, Places Directory for their Local Search, Google Goggles that searches by image, Gesture Search for using finger written letters and numbers to search the contents of the phone, Google Translate, Google Shopper, Listen for podcasts and My Tracks, a jogging application.
In August 2010, Google launched "Voice Actions for Android",[109] which allows users to search, write messages, and initiate calls by voice.

 Third party applications

With the growing number of Android handsets, there has also been an increased interest by third party developers to port their applications to the Android operating system.
As of December 2010, the Android Marketplace had over 200,000 applications,[92] with over 1 billion downloads. This is up from 70,000 in July 2010.[110][111]
Obstacles to development include the fact that Android does not use established Java standards, i.e. Java SE and ME. This prevents compatibility among Java applications written for those platforms and those for the Android platform. Android only reuses the Java language syntax, but does not provide the full-class libraries and APIs bundled with Java SE or ME.[112] However, there are multiple tools in the market that provide J2ME to Android conversion services, which enable the developer to convert Java into Android. Companies like Myriad Group and UpOnTek provide these services.[113][114][115]
Developers have reported that it is difficult to maintain applications on multiple versions of Android, owing to compatibility issues between versions 1.5 and 1.6,[116] especially the different resolution ratios in use among various Android phones.[117] Such problems were pointedly brought into focus as they were encountered during the ADC2 contest.[118] Further, the rapid growth in the number of Android-based phone models with differing hardware capabilities also makes it difficult to develop applications that work on all Android-based phones.[119][120][121][122] As of August 2010, 83% of Android phones run the 2.x versions, and 17% still run the 1.5 and 1.6 versions[123]

 Native code

Libraries written in C and other languages can be compiled to ARM native code and installed using the Android Native Development Kit. Native classes can be called from Java code running under the Dalvik VM using the System.loadLibrary call, which is part of the standard Android Java classes.[124][125]
Complete applications can be compiled and installed using traditional development tools.[126] The ADB debugger gives a root shell under the Android Emulator which allows native ARM code to be uploaded and executed. ARM code can be compiled using GCC on a standard PC.[126] Running native code is complicated by the fact that Android uses a non-standard C library (libc, known as Bionic). The underlying graphics device is available as a framebuffer at /dev/graphics/fb0.[127] The graphics library that Android uses to arbitrate and control access to this device is called the Skia Graphics Library (SGL), and it has been released under an open source license.[128] Skia has backends for both win32 and Unix, allowing the development of cross-platform applications, and it is the graphics engine underlying the Google Chrome web browser.[129]

Community-based firmware

There is a community of open-source enthusiasts that build and share Android-based firmware with a number of customizations and additional features, such as FLAC lossless audio support and the ability to store downloaded applications on the microSD card.[130] This usually involves rooting the device. Rooting allows users root access to the operating system, giving more control over their environment variables. In order to use custom firmwares the devices bootloader must be unlocked. Rooting alone does not allow the flashing of custom firmware. Modified firmwares allow users of older phones to use applications available only on newer releases.[131]
Those firmware packages are updated frequently, incorporate elements of Android functionality that haven't yet been officially released within a carrier-sanctioned firmware, and tend to have fewer limitations. CyanogenMod and VillainROM are two examples of such firmware.
On 24 September 2009, Google issued a cease and desist letter[132] to the modder Cyanogen, citing issues with the re-distribution of Google's closed-source applications[133] within the custom firmware. Even though most of Android OS is open source, phones come packaged with closed-source Google applications for functionality such as the application store and GPS navigation. Google has asserted that these applications can only be provided through approved distribution channels by licensed distributors. Cyanogen has complied with Google's wishes and is continuing to distribute this mod without the proprietary software. He has provided a method to back up licensed Google applications during the mod's install process and restore them when it is complete.[134]

[edit] Marketing

Android robot logo

Logos

The Android logo was designed with the Droid font family made by Ascender Corporation.[135]
Android Green is the color of the Android Robot that represents the Android operating system. The print color is PMS 376C and the RGB color value in hexadecimal is #A4C639, as specified by the Android Brand Guidelines.[136]

Typeface

The custom typeface of Android is called Norad, only used in the text logo.[137]

 Market share

Research company Canalys estimated that by Q2 2009, Android had a 2.8% share of the worldwide smartphone market.[138]
In February 2010 ComScore said the Android platform had 9.0% of the U.S. smartphone market, as measured by current mobile subscribers. This figure was up from an earlier estimate of 5.2% in November 2009.[139] By the end of Q3 2010 Android's U.S. market share had grown to 21.4 percent.[140]
In May 2010, Android's first quarter U.S. sales surpassed that of the rival iPhone platform. According to a report by the NPD group, Android achieved 25% smartphone sales in the US market, up 8% from the December quarter. In the second quarter, Apple's iOS was up by 11%, indicating that Android is taking market share mainly from RIM, and still has to compete with heavy consumer demand for new competitor offerings.[8] Furthermore, analysts pointed to advantages that Android has as a multi-channel, multi-carrier OS, which allowed it to duplicate the quick success of Microsoft's Windows Mobile.[141]
In early October 2010, Google added 20 countries to its list of approved submitters. By mid-October, purchasing apps will be available in a total of 32 countries.[142] For a complete list of countries that are allowed to sell apps and those able to buy them see Android Market.
As of December 2010 Google said over 300,000 Android phones were being activated daily,[143] up from 100,000 per day in May 2010.[144]

 Usage share

Data collected during two weeks ending on January 4, 2011
Other: 0.1% of devices running obsolete versions[145]
Data collected during two weeks ending on January 4, 2011
Platform↓API Level↓Distribution↓
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)90.4%
Android 2.2 (Froyo)851.8%
Android 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)735.2%
Android 1.6 (Donut)47.9%
Android 1.5 (Cupcake)34.7%

Linux compatibility

Android's kernel was derived from Linux but has been tweaked by Google outside the main Linux kernel tree.[146] Android does not have a native X Window System nor does it support the full set of standard GNU libraries, and this makes it difficult to port existing GNU/Linux applications or libraries to Android.[147] However, support for the X Window System is possible.[148] Google no longer maintains the code they previously contributed to the Linux kernel as part of their Android effort, creating a separate version or fork of Linux.[149][150] This was due to a disagreement about new features Google felt were necessary (some related to security of mobile applications).[151] The code which is no longer maintained was deleted in January 2010 from the Linux codebase.[152]
Google announced in April 2010 that they will hire two employees to work with the Linux kernel community.[153]
However, as of January 2011, points of contention still exist between Google and the Linux kernel team: Google tried to push upstream some Android-specific power management code in 2009, which is still rejected today.[154]
Furthermore, Greg Kroah-Hartman, the current Linux kernel maintainer for the -stable branch, said in December 2010 that he was concerned that Google was no longer trying to get their code changes included in mainstream Linux[155] Some Google Android developers hinted that "the Android team were getting fed up with the process", because they were a small team and had more urgent work to do on Android.[156]

Claimed infringement of copyrights and patents

On 12 August 2010, Oracle, owner of Java since it acquired Sun Microsystems in April 2009, sued Google over claimed infringement of copyrights and patents. The lawsuit claims that, "In developing Android, Google knowingly, directly and repeatedly infringed Oracle's Java-related intellectual property."[157]
Specifically the patent infringement claim references seven patents including United States Patent No. 5,966,702, entitled "Method And Apparatus For Preprocessing And Packaging Class Files", and United States Patent No. 6,910,205, entitled "Interpreting Functions Utilizing A Hybrid Of Virtual And Native Machine Instructions".[158] It also references United States Patent No. RE38,104, ("the '104 patent") entitled “Method And Apparatus For Resolving Data References In Generated Code” authored by James Gosling, best known as the father of the Java programming language.[159]
In response Google submitted multiple lines of defense, saying that Android did not infringe on Oracle's patents or copyright, that Oracle's patents were invalid, and several other defenses. They said that Android is based on Apache Harmony, a clean room implementation of the Java class libraries, and an independently developed virtual machine called Dalvik.[160][161][162]
The Free Software Foundation has said that Google could have avoided this suit by building Android on top of IcedTea whose GPL license provides some protection against patents, instead of implementing it independently under the Apache License. It has also called the suit a "clear attack against someone's freedom to use, share, modify, and redistribute software".[163] However, the FSF also criticized Google, writing that "It's sad to see that Google apparently shunned those protections in order to make proprietary software development easier on Android.", and remarking that Google had not taken any clear position or action against software patents.

129 comments:

  1. Anonymous15:59

    We're a bunch of volunteers and opening a brand new scheme in our community.

    Your site provided us with valuable info to work

    on. You have done a formidable process and our entire

    community can be grateful to

    you.

    Look at my web page - essentialweb.asia
    Here is my blog ; properties in Murcia

    ReplyDelete
  2. Anonymous07:51

    whoah this blog is fantastic i love reading your posts.
    Keep up the

    good work! You know, lots of people are searching around for
    this

    information, you can aid them greatly.

    my site; http://bookmarks.wedia.gr
    My homepage :: ronda news spain Alicante

    ReplyDelete
  3. Anonymous17:51

    I cling on to listening to the news

    lecture about getting free online grant applications
    so I have been looking around for

    the top site to get one. Could you advise me please, where
    could i acquire

    some?

    my blog ... ukinsulationgrants.com
    Also visit my web blog ... canon ip1500 ink cartridge

    ReplyDelete
  4. Anonymous03:13

    Please let me know if you're looking for a article writer for your site. You

    have some really good articles and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take

    some of the load off, I'd really like to write some
    material for your blog in

    exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an e-mail
    if interested. Many thanks!

    my webpage - onlinedegree-edu.blogspot.ru
    Also visit my website cisco 2520 router

    ReplyDelete
  5. Anonymous05:07

    I haven’t checked in here for a while because I thought it was getting boring, but the

    last several posts are great quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday
    bloglist.

    You deserve it my friend :)

    Have a look at my homepage: sisao.keogratuit.com
    My web-site ; average weather spain february

    ReplyDelete
  6. Anonymous09:40

    Someone essentially help to make seriously posts I would state.
    This is the very

    first time I frequented your website page and thus
    far? I surprised with the research you made to

    make this particular publish incredible. Excellent

    job!

    Feel free to surf to my webpage :: http://readme.campus.mephi.ru/index.php?title=Участник:SoilaWilson80
    Have a look at my web-site : Work

    ReplyDelete
  7. Anonymous12:00

    I think other web-site proprietors should take this web site
    as an model, very clean

    and excellent user friendly style and design, let alone the

    content. You're an expert in this topic!

    Here is my webpage http://thequire.blogspot.co.uk/2008/01/spider-man-one-more-day-brand-new-day.html
    Feel free to visit my homepage ; Alicante Spain house

    ReplyDelete
  8. Anonymous19:32

    F*ckin’ amazing things here. I’m very glad to see your post.
    Thanks a lot

    and i am looking forward to contact you. Will you kindly
    drop me a e-mail?

    My web blog turtleandgoose.blogspot.ru
    my page :: Murcia Spain

    ReplyDelete
  9. Anonymous20:53

    You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be actually

    something that I think I would never understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for

    me. I am looking forward for your next post, I’ll try to get
    the hang of it!

    My homepage - crazycpp.wordpress.com
    Feel free to surf my blog post spain weather in december

    ReplyDelete
  10. Anonymous21:56

    Oh my goodness! an amazing article dude. Thanks Nevertheless

    I'm experiencing issue with ur rss . Don’t know why Unable

    to subscribe to it. Is there anyone getting an identical rss

    downside? Anyone who knows kindly respond. Thnkxxx

    Look into my blog post http://sajshirazi.blogspot.com/
    Visit my page ; Satellite TV Spain

    ReplyDelete
  11. Anonymous22:58

    Thanks for another excellent article. Where else could


    anyone get that kind of information in such an ideal way of
    writing? I've a

    presentation next week, and I am on the look for such information.

    Also visit my blog essentialweb.asia
    Also see my webpage - Oliva

    ReplyDelete
  12. Anonymous23:15

    Would you be all in favour

    of exchanging

    hyperlinks?

    Also visit my web blog: wiki.remixthecommons.org
    Also see my site - spain weather conditions

    ReplyDelete
  13. Anonymous23:59

    I intended to put you that very small observation in order to give thanks over again considering the extraordinary opinions

    you have shown at this time. It has been really shockingly open-handed with
    you giving unhampered

    precisely what a

    number of us might have offered for an electronic book in making some cash on
    their own, even more so considering the

    fact that you might have

    tried it in case you desired. The techniques

    also served to

    become easy way to be certain that the rest have similar interest
    the same as my own to understand a great deal more on the subject of this condition.


    I'm sure there are several more

    enjoyable periods in the future for individuals who

    read your blog post.

    Here is my site :: e-demo.univ-avignon.fr
    Take a look at my web blog : properties Albox

    ReplyDelete
  14. Anonymous00:06

    Great blog here! Also your site loads up fast! What host are
    you

    using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host?
    I wish my website loaded up as fast as yours

    lol

    Here is my blog: www.animalcare.ru
    Also visit my web site La Laguna

    ReplyDelete
  15. Anonymous00:19

    Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn anything like this
    before. So nice to seek out any person with some original thoughts

    on this subject. realy thanks for beginning this up. this web site is one

    thing that's needed on the internet, someone with a little bit originality. helpful job for bringing something new to the web!

    Also visit my web-site :: learn.vistainstitute.com
    Also visit my webpage do-it-yourself solar powered panel

    ReplyDelete
  16. Anonymous00:28

    Hello. splendid job. I did not anticipate

    this. This is a excellent story. Thanks!

    Here is my site: http://www.nettyherawati.info/search/http://www.fct.or.tz/index.php/member/5881
    Feel free to visit my web blog : Almería

    ReplyDelete
  17. Anonymous00:45

    Woah! I'm really loving the template/theme of this website. It's simple, yet effective.
    A

    lot of times it's very difficult to get that "perfect balance" between user friendliness and visual appeal. I must say you have done a awesome job with this. Also,

    the blog loads extremely fast for me on Firefox.

    Exceptional Blog!

    My homepage :: www.nettyherawati.info
    Also see my webpage :: Elche tourist board

    ReplyDelete
  18. Anonymous02:42

    I would like to voice my passion for your kindness in support of individuals who
    absolutely need help on your situation. Your special
    dedication

    to getting the message around was exceptionally

    insightful and have without

    exception permitted workers much like me to achieve their desired goals.
    Your personal interesting report can mean a great deal a person like me and far more to
    my colleagues. Best wishes; from each one of us.


    my web blog: casatreschic.blogspot.ru
    Also see my web site :: accomodation Alicante

    ReplyDelete
  19. Anonymous02:45

    Great paintings! That is the type of information that are supposed to be
    shared across the net. Disgrace on the seek engines for no
    longer positioning this post upper! Come on

    over and visit my website . Thanks

    =)

    Feel free to surf to my weblog; http://www.alliance-rom.com/community/members/xlevi.45833/
    Here is my web blog :: curious george balloons

    ReplyDelete
  20. Anonymous03:30

    naturally like your website however you have to test
    the spelling on quite a few of your posts.
    A number of them are rife with

    spelling issues and I find it very bothersome to inform the

    truth however I’ll certainly come

    again again.

    My web blog ... lan.helsingkrona.se
    my page: Read This method

    ReplyDelete
  21. Anonymous04:54

    I am continually looking online for articles that can facilitate me.
    Thx!

    My homepage: http://bookmarks.wedia.gr/
    Also visit my site : best carp

    ReplyDelete
  22. Anonymous05:27

    Its like you read my mind! You appear to understand so much about this, like you wrote the book in it or something.
    I

    think that you simply can do with a few % to

    power the message house a little bit, however instead of that,

    this is great blog. A fantastic read. I

    will certainly be back.

    Here is my web blog - http://www.scop.at
    My homepage Holidays Playa de Mogan

    ReplyDelete
  23. Anonymous14:33

    I do love the way you have framed this problem plus it does offer us some fodder for thought.
    On the other hand, from everything that I

    have personally seen, I basically

    trust as the responses stack on that people today remain

    on issue and in no way embark upon a tirade associated with the news of the
    day. Yet, thank you for this

    superb point and whilst I do not really concur with it in totality,
    I regard

    your perspective.

    Look at my web site oppa-ps.fs.cvut.cz
    My page Satellite TV Costa Blanca Spain

    ReplyDelete
  24. Anonymous20:54

    Have you ever considered about including a little bit more than just your articles?

    I mean, what you say

    is fundamental and all. Nevertheless think about if you added some great images or videos to
    give your posts more,

    "pop"! Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this website
    could

    definitely be one of the most beneficial in its niche.
    Excellent blog!

    Feel free to visit my blog box441.bluehost.com
    my webpage - Expats

    ReplyDelete
  25. Anonymous00:22

    Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though
    you relied on the video to make your point. You

    clearly know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting

    videos to your site when you could be giving us
    something informative to read?

    Visit my weblog ... portfel.cv.ua
    Feel free to visit my website maternity clothes miami

    ReplyDelete
  26. Anonymous06:02

    Pretty part of content. I just stumbled

    upon your website and in accession capital to assert that I
    acquire in

    fact loved account your weblog posts. Any way I will be subscribing for your feeds and even
    I fulfillment you access consistently quickly.


    Here is my page :: http://momslittlerunaway.blogspot.co.uk
    Feel free to surf my webpage - El Abrigo

    ReplyDelete
  27. Anonymous06:02

    Pretty part of content. I just stumbled

    upon your website and in accession capital to assert that I acquire in

    fact loved account your weblog posts. Any way I will be subscribing for your feeds and even I fulfillment you access consistently quickly.


    My web-site - http://momslittlerunaway.blogspot.co.uk
    Also see my site :: Arboleas

    ReplyDelete
  28. Anonymous09:02

    I'm so happy to read this. This is the type of manual that needs to be given and not the

    accidental misinformation that's at the other blogs.
    Appreciate your sharing this greatest doc.

    Also visit my web site - http://mikesamerica.blogspot.co.uk/2011/08/scientists-say-fix-global-warming-or.html
    Here is my site ; General Discussion Baleric Islands

    ReplyDelete
  29. Anonymous21:58

    I'm really loving the theme/design of your blog. Do you ever run into any

    internet browser compatibility problems? A small number of my blog readers have complained about my website not working correctly

    in Explorer but looks great in Safari. Do you have any

    recommendations to help fix this problem?

    Feel free to surf to my web-site topseobacklinks.com
    Here is my page ... Full Piece of writing

    ReplyDelete
  30. Anonymous01:04

    Hey! This is my first visit to your blog!

    We are a

    team of volunteers and starting a new initiative in a
    community in the same niche. Your blog

    provided us beneficial information to work on.
    You have done a marvellous job!

    Feel free to surf to my homepage; video.jenniferlawrencefan.com
    My page - shed dormer construction

    ReplyDelete
  31. Anonymous14:57

    I must express my appreciation to

    this writer for bailing me out of this particular

    dilemma. Just after surfing throughout the

    search engines and seeing

    ways which are not helpful, I thought my entire life was

    well over. Existing without the

    approaches to the difficulties you have

    resolved through your guide is a serious case, as well as the ones which might
    have negatively

    damaged my career if I had not noticed your site. The skills and kindness in handling all areas was very
    useful. I am not sure what I would've done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. I can also now relish my future. Thanks very much for this professional and

    result oriented guide. I will not be reluctant to endorse your web blog to anybody who

    needs guidelines

    on this subject.

    my web site - ukinsulationgrants.com
    Here is my web site : Blogger: Sign in

    ReplyDelete
  32. Anonymous15:06

    I loved up to you'll receive carried out

    proper here. The caricature is attractive, your authored material

    stylish. however, you command get bought an edginess

    over that you want be turning in the following. in poor health certainly come further previously again

    as precisely the similar just about a lot regularly inside case you protect this increase.

    my weblog; http://www.scaled.com/member/346
    my page > workgroup backup software

    ReplyDelete
  33. Anonymous00:30

    I really like your blog.. very nice colors & theme.

    Did you make this website yourself or did you

    hire someone to do it for you? Plz answer back as I'm looking to construct my own blog and

    would like to find out where u got this from. thank you
    Also see my site > blogspot.fr

    ReplyDelete
  34. Anonymous12:37

    Nice blog here! Also your website loads up
    very fast! What web host are you

    using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host?
    I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours

    lol
    Also visit my blog post ; http://forum.allnet-italia.it

    ReplyDelete
  35. Anonymous06:44

    Hello there! Quick question that's entirely off

    topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My web site looks weird when

    viewing from my iphone4. I'm trying to find a template or plugin that

    might be able to correct this problem. If you
    have any suggestions, please share.

    Thank you!
    Here is my weblog ; momodogtw.pixnet.net

    ReplyDelete
  36. Anonymous13:31

    I enjoy you because of your own labor on
    this web site. My mom

    delights in working on

    investigations and it's really easy to see why. My partner and i learn all about the dynamic means you

    convey very helpful solutions via

    the blog and as well as

    improve

    participation from the others about this situation while my simple princess is without question starting to learn a lot of things. Enjoy the rest of

    the year. You're the one conducting a splendid job.

    Here is my webpage http://Csengecooks.Blogspot.com/2012/03/mussels-in-hot-tomato-sauce.html

    ReplyDelete
  37. Anonymous15:17

    I like the valuable info you provide in your
    articles. I will bookmark your blog

    and check again here frequently. I'm quite sure I will learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!

    Check out my web page :: Craftythinker.blogspot.com
    my web site :: wiki.blues.gr

    ReplyDelete
  38. Anonymous20:16

    Pretty great post. I just stumbled upon your weblog
    and wanted to say

    that I have really loved surfing around your weblog posts.

    In any case I’ll be subscribing for your rss feed
    and I am hoping

    you write once more very soon!
    Here is my blog topseobacklinks.com

    ReplyDelete
  39. Anonymous20:16

    You made some fine points there. I did a search on the

    subject and found mainly

    folks will agree with your blog.
    My site - chinacombat.blogspot.fr

    ReplyDelete
  40. Anonymous03:30

    I was suggested this blog via my cousin.

    I'm not sure whether this post is

    written via him as no one else know

    such distinct

    about my difficulty. You're amazing! Thank you!
    Look into my web blog mariavocationaltraining.blogspot.ru

    ReplyDelete
  41. Anonymous07:35

    I’m impressed, I have to say. Really hardly ever do I encounter a blog that’s each educative and entertaining, and let
    me inform you, you will have hit the nail on the head. Your

    concept is excellent; the problem is one thing that not

    sufficient people are talking intelligently about. I am very

    blissful that I stumbled across

    this in my seek for one thing regarding this.
    Feel free to visit my weblog :: http://impactteendrivers.org/

    ReplyDelete
  42. Anonymous10:49

    There are some fascinating points in time on this article but I don’t
    know if I see all of them heart to heart. There's some validity but I will take maintain opinion until I look into it

    further. Good article , thanks and we wish extra! Added to FeedBurner as properly
    my site :: free.fr

    ReplyDelete
  43. Anonymous13:32

    Hey! This post couldn't be written any better!

    Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking

    about this. I will forward this post to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read.

    Thank you for sharing!
    Feel free to surf my website :: http://Balwois.com/

    ReplyDelete
  44. Anonymous14:42

    Thank you for every other magnificent

    post. Where else may anyone get that type of info

    in such an ideal way of writing? I've a presentation next

    week, and I'm on the look for such info.
    My page :: http://caballeroredverde.blogspot.ru/2009/12/los-cajamarquinos-tenemos-derecho.html

    ReplyDelete
  45. Anonymous04:12

    I think other web-site proprietors should take this web site as an model, very clean

    and great user friendly style and design, let alone the

    content. You are an expert in this topic!
    Also visit my webpage - khanewal-fun.blogspot.fr

    ReplyDelete
  46. Anonymous15:04

    With the whole thing that

    seems to be developing throughout this particular subject material, many of your opinions tend to be

    very radical. On the other hand, I am sorry, but I do not subscribe to
    your entire idea, all be it exciting none the

    less. It would seem to everybody that your commentary

    are not totally justified and in actuality you are yourself not really entirely confident of your assertion.

    In any case I did enjoy reading through it.
    Also see my page - liens.mediaslibres.lautre.net

    ReplyDelete
  47. Anonymous09:38

    of course like your web-site but you need to

    check the spelling on several of your posts.
    Several of them are rife with

    spelling issues and I find it very bothersome to inform the

    truth then again I will definitely come

    again again.
    Feel free to surf my homepage ... marlastudio.blogspot.ru

    ReplyDelete
  48. Anonymous01:34

    I'm truly enjoying the design and layout of your website. It's a very easy on the eyes which makes
    it

    much more enjoyable for me to come here and visit more often.
    Did you hire out a developer to create

    your theme? Superb work!
    Here is my web blog : http://wiki.acerenza.info/index.php?title=Discussioni_utente:DenisseWhite71

    ReplyDelete
  49. Anonymous10:06

    Heya i’m for the primary time here. I came across this board
    and I to find It

    truly helpful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give one thing again
    and help others such as you helped me.
    My web site - http://www.susentravel.com/

    ReplyDelete
  50. Anonymous02:33

    I know this if off topic but I'm looking into starting my own blog and was curious what all is

    needed to get setup? I'm assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny?

    I'm not very

    internet savvy so I'm not 100% certain. Any tips or advice

    would be greatly appreciated. Thanks
    Here is my page defcaringuniverse.nfshost.com

    ReplyDelete
  51. Anonymous11:23

    Wow, amazing blog layout! How long have you been blogging for?


    you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your web site is
    fantastic, let alone the content!
    Also visit my weblog :: http://Jthockey.Wordpress.com/

    ReplyDelete
  52. Anonymous13:59

    F*ckin’ amazing things here. I am very satisfied to peer your article.
    Thanks a lot and i am having a look

    forward to touch you. Will you please drop me a mail?
    Visit my web-site : https://wiki-old.editgrid.com/wiki/Inexpensive_Vacations_Accessible_in_Ribera_Blanca_The_country_of_spain_At_this_particular_time

    ReplyDelete
  53. Anonymous16:31

    I think other site proprietors should take this web
    site as an model, very clean

    and great user genial style and design, let alone the

    content. You're an expert in this topic!
    Also see my web site - Businessworldng.com

    ReplyDelete
  54. Anonymous05:42

    very nice publish, i actually love this website, keep on
    it
    My webpage :: elexidea.blogspot.fr

    ReplyDelete
  55. Anonymous14:29

    I will immediately clutch your rss feed as I can not in finding your email
    subscription hyperlink or newsletter service.
    Do

    you've any? Please let me know in

    order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.
    Visit my homepage ... http://osguido.net/wikitest/index.php?title=The_the_spanish_language_language_Property_Crash_:_The_particular_The_spanish_language_Property_Problems_Explained

    ReplyDelete
  56. Anonymous00:27

    I just couldn't leave your web site before suggesting that

    I really enjoyed the usual info a person

    supply on your visitors? Is gonna be back

    regularly in order to check up on new posts
    My web-site :: http://www.fishquestcharters.com

    ReplyDelete
  57. Anonymous07:06

    Hmm is anyone else encountering problems with the images on this blog loading?
    I'm trying

    to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it's the blog.
    Any feed-back would be greatly appreciated.
    Also visit my web page ; catalog.cixx6.com

    ReplyDelete
  58. Anonymous12:05

    whoah this weblog is great i really like

    studying your posts. Stay up the good work! You realize,
    a lot of persons are searching

    round for this info, you can help them greatly.
    my website - s133702296.onlinehome.us

    ReplyDelete
  59. Anonymous13:20

    Wonderful site. A lot of helpful

    info here. I am sending it to some friends ans additionally

    sharing in delicious. And of course, thank you for your

    sweat!
    Also see my site > http://wiki.reyesoft.com/?title=Usuario:WilheminaSmith86

    ReplyDelete
  60. Anonymous02:56

    I'm usually to blogging and i really appreciate your content. The article has actually peaks my interest. I am going to bookmark your web site and preserve checking for brand new information.
    My webpage :: socialfy.lbriones.com

    ReplyDelete
  61. Anonymous19:56

    I found your weblog site on google and check just a few of your early posts.

    Continue to keep up the very good operate. I simply additional up
    your RSS feed to my MSN Information Reader.

    Searching for forward to studying extra from you

    afterward!…
    My web site ; http://sunflowerjuice.blogspot.ru/

    ReplyDelete
  62. Anonymous21:09

    Fantastic goods from you, man. I've take into accout your stuff

    prior to and you are just extremely

    excellent. I really like what you have received here,

    really like what you're stating and the way in which
    by

    which you say it. You make

    it enjoyable and you still take care of to keep it sensible.
    I cant wait to learn much more from you. That is really a

    great site.
    my website > http://www.tellychakkar.com/

    ReplyDelete
  63. Anonymous13:02

    It is appropriate time to make a few plans for the longer term

    and it's time to be happy. I have read this publish and if I

    could I want to suggest you few fascinating issues or suggestions. Perhaps you could write subsequent articles

    referring to this article. I wish to learn more

    issues about it!
    Also visit my website ; www.cityproblem.info

    ReplyDelete
  64. Anonymous16:05

    Greetings from California! I'm bored at

    work so I decided to browse your website on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy the information you provide here and can't wait to take a look when I
    get home. I'm

    surprised at how quick your blog loaded on my mobile .. I'm not even using WIFI,

    just 3G .. Anyhow, fantastic blog!
    My webpage: toddreynolds.wordpress.com

    ReplyDelete
  65. Anonymous02:01

    I keep listening to the news

    talk about getting free online grant applications so I have been looking
    around for

    the most excellent site to get one. Could you tell me please, where could i get

    some?
    Feel free to visit my webpage www.klaymansenate.com

    ReplyDelete
  66. Anonymous04:29

    You actually make it appear so easy along with your

    presentation however I to find this topic to
    be actually one thing

    that I believe I'd never understand. It seems too complex and very large for me. I am

    taking a look ahead on your subsequent post, I will try to get the dangle of it!

    My homepage: 1023.co.za

    ReplyDelete
  67. Anonymous10:07

    I appreciate, cause I found just what I was looking for.
    You've ended my four day long hunt! God

    Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye

    Also visit my web-site: Testphp.Altervista.org

    ReplyDelete
  68. Anonymous12:04

    Marthа is а misѕionary - sρreading the gοoԁ newѕ about good taѕtе to women
    whose granԁmothers and mothers, though full οf great advіce, may not have
    possessed the Rosetta Stone for WASP culture. These Hibisсus Linеn Dorsay Pumρ Sandals featuгe a lоweг,
    broaԁer heel, oρen tоes, and a ditzy pinκ hibiscus print.
    Whatever уou chοοse to do, keеp in mind that the еyes are more expressive than wordѕ.


    mу blog post ... Red shoes

    ReplyDelete
  69. Anonymous13:35

    Dame Helen Mirren and Berenice Bejo were some of the many
    guests at the Directors Guild of America Awards.
    Person called me into his office at the end of the week
    for a private meeting after I drained myself doing several more performances in front
    of him and his teaching staff. He and Chelsea performed the Samba, and it looked like they were really having a good time.


    my web-site flapper dress

    ReplyDelete
  70. Anonymous16:31

    These can include ѕelf-eѕteеm, spігituality, lifestуle etc.

    He was a cub scоut аnd hiѕ pacκ had vоlunteereԁ that Αpгil to helρ stock the stгeаm fοr
    firѕt ԁaу оf trout. The very iԁea of thеѕe twο on screеn together, much
    leѕs in an Andersοn film, boggleѕ
    thе mind.

    Here is my weblog done deal

    ReplyDelete
  71. Anonymous18:24

    Likеwiѕe when children are гewarded fοr the dediсation
    and applicatіon that they show for learning and
    scoring good marks in the quiz; it rеsults in positive reinforcement.
    I decidеd that insteаԁ of trying to 'kill' it, I
    would listen to and undеrstand this part of my
    mind. This doesn't annoy me just because I am a personal trainer and I like to see people exercise right, it is more to do with the fact that it can be dangerous.

    My website www.basearticles.com

    ReplyDelete
  72. Anonymous20:47

    A satin, silk or chiffon fabric is appropriate for cabaret costumes.

    How about hack your way to the emperor, piece-by-piece.

    The doll typically wears a rather ornate and feminine dress, containing some
    combination of feathers,.

    Here is my web site; harem pants

    ReplyDelete
  73. Anonymous03:55

    I'm very happy to read this. This is the type of manual that needs to be given and not the

    accidental misinformation that is at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.

    my webpage - Www.Webbypages.co

    ReplyDelete
  74. Anonymous08:32

    Frontier boots: tall, sturdy women's lace-up boots with heels; these shoes were perfectly suited for the life in the. Tie your hair up in a bun and decorate it with paper flowers and chopsticks. Victorian era, leather gloves were quite popular but now followers of Victorian fashion will order them in any range of fabrics, often with ornate decorations.

    My blog harem pants

    ReplyDelete
  75. Anonymous08:32

    Unfortunately this prаctice is a large source of maгkdoωns.
    Thіs blue and ωhite tote bag iѕ a nice
    summeг handbag. Should youг not cοnfident, we wоuld likely recоmmend уou gеt it to an experіencеԁ leаther cleaner
    which will have your ехρertise to take οut the dіscolor.


    Feel free to surf to my ωebsite :: cheap handbag

    ReplyDelete
  76. Anonymous08:33

    Florenсe said she had played Marie Von Tгappe οn
    stage for 15 monthѕ and had an emotionаl cοnnection with
    the song. Сlip art can also hеlp you сustomize your themeԁ dance party for grown-uρѕ.
    Τhis set can have a special personalizаtion engraved
    on the knife.

    My blog poѕt: flapper dress

    ReplyDelete
  77. Anonymous08:38

    In jewelry fashion, the sky is the limit these days, so have fun when mixing and
    matching. Walking into a spiderweb is a crawly inconvenience for Man,
    but for Spider it's damned near apocalyptic. Most of all just enjoy yourself and try new things with your wardrobe, but be balanced.

    Feel free to visit my web site; red shoes

    ReplyDelete
  78. Anonymous08:42

    In jewelry fashion, the sky is the limit these days, so have fun when
    mixing and matching. You can also ask friends and neighbors or post a wanted on your local Freecycle.
    We are slightly taking it back to the 70s with these shoes but they
    are so gorgeous.

    Review my blog post; red shoes

    ReplyDelete
  79. Anonymous09:45

    Recently I've been purchasing mini Babybel cheeses at Costco. Apart from the rest of the smartphones which are lately available in the market, Motorola Defy Plus is the toughest phone around. Another great, free perk is the ability to upload files stored on an FTP server.

    Feel free to surf to my weblog; superdeal

    ReplyDelete
  80. Anonymous09:51

    Episode 12 will feature the following Barbettes, Stacy Kutz, Barbette to Eddie Murphy, Rachel Solow, Barbette
    to Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, Natalie Monnie, Christina Goree, Platform Artist, Ladon
    Quivette of Major League Barber, Tameka Thomas, Davida Leary, Nish, Beedie and Tee.
    Pregnancy should not be a cause for any insecurity.
    "These ladies are only a few of the highly visible and well deserving Barbettes we seek to feature in the coming 2010 episodes.

    My web site :: hair accessories

    ReplyDelete
  81. Anonymous11:05

    I'd love to go shopping at Nieman's for the Manolo Blahnik jeweled sandals I wrote about a little while ago.
    You can find the Naughty Monkey Colorful Talk Pump here
    on Nordstrom's website for only $79. The following recommendations are pumps of both styles (varied heel heights) that are what I like best.

    my blog: spring shoes

    ReplyDelete
  82. Anonymous11:38

    Girls can dress up dolls as princesses, ballerinas and super heroes.
    They offer a great variety in terms of color and size. , mostly because they know the
    local language very well.

    Also visit my website - hair accessories

    ReplyDelete
  83. Anonymous11:41

    You are likely to have plenty of help setting up your sale, even decorating with signs, balloons and the like.
    Band members, band parents, siblings of band members and band parents, friends of
    band members or band parents are all potential volunteers for a yard sale
    meant to benefit the school band. If you come across furniture that does not capture your attention, you are better off looking for an alternative.


    Also visit my site ... www.markcallen.com

    ReplyDelete
  84. Anonymous12:38

    It doesn't matter you may be attending a formal celebration or going for the dating, a set of this manufacturer footwear might make you resulted in eye-catching. It's сurrently 62% off so it's extremely affordable. Fabric stores are exciting places around Halloween, as they often have many great props for only dollars, that you can easily use to create a costume.

    my blog post red shoes

    ReplyDelete
  85. Anonymous12:45

    Τhese fashiοn and beauty suggеѕtions ωill help you do juѕt that.
    Οr you cοulԁ ѕimply add somе more white, mаke ѕome teеth аround your lips and gο as a sκеleton.
    Many ωοmen will be thе fans ofchristian louboutin sandаls,ѕignaturе red soles
    are incredibly dazzling and brightness that many laԁу will
    like it.

    Heгe іs my wеb blog: red shoes

    ReplyDelete
  86. Anonymous12:45

    I don't really plan ahead of time unless I'm making an item for a specific
    occasion or a custom order, so I usually just take a trip to the bead store
    or browse online and I buy whatever seems to catch my
    attention at the time and that drives my creations.
    Pregnancy should not be a cause for any insecurity.
    Social taboos hit ratios combined with occasional meetings are not as robust
    as it once was.

    Feel free to visit my web-site; www.eatingcultures.com

    ReplyDelete
  87. Anonymous13:06

    Back in 1992 both hydroxide antacids and the iron supplement ferrous sulfate were reported to interfere.
    Laurin loved one of them, but Sandy didn't like it'and made her opinion known.
    dial-up access) are not adequate for governing broadband technology.


    Here is my weblog :: Edu.tw

    ReplyDelete
  88. Anonymous13:07

    If you want to remove their ads and put your own,
    you must upgrade to a paid e-store. Never would I imagine that
    our Shampoo's & so many other items would be free or close to it. If you can turn around and sell those games for $20.

    My page: hotdeals

    ReplyDelete
  89. Anonymous13:10

    It turned out that Aaron had apparently passed on information to my
    friend Danielle who apparently was so blown away by my talent in college that she couldn't handle knowing me in a normal manner. Choosing gifts for senior citizens can be a difficult task because often senior Americans have almost everything. Some of the dresses that caught my eye on this website are the yellow sateen Marilyn Monroe style dress for some 1950s flair, the 1930s Silver Ruched Satin and Rhinestone dress, and the Striking Pink and White Satin Charmeuse Dress.

    My homepage - http://mate.idc.scu.edu.tw/user/profile.php?id=13446

    ReplyDelete
  90. Anonymous13:14

    After a bit of a delay from getting back into the swing of work following our vacation,
    I'll be posting the remaining photos over the next few days. The painted desert is named for the colors caused by bands of different mineral content in the rocks. The Great Wall of China is certainly an extraordinary marvel.

    Look at my web-site - souvenir

    ReplyDelete
  91. Anonymous13:17

    It saved much of my time since I didn't have to run around town looking for items and everything was easily delivered straight to my door before the wedding. The bathroom remodeling Scottsdale home builder renders is also fabulous. Target is located at : 46201 Potomac Run Plz, Sterling, VA phone:(703) 463-2008.

    My blog post; one stop Shop

    ReplyDelete
  92. Anonymous13:28

    The natural essential oils are extracted or evaporated from flowers, berries, seeds,
    roots and bark or even dried citrus peels. I
    had never used furniture polish wipes before
    and was a little hesitant about buying them. It's smooth as a cream foundation, light as a powder.

    Have a look at my web page ... fragrance direct

    ReplyDelete
  93. Anonymous13:46

    Cheap Handbags is very important for you to screen your personality, form
    and fashion. Chanel, Gucci, Prada, Coach, Louis Vuitton," and so on. Handbags are often used to express moods, individuality, style and status.

    my page ... www.virtualworldsedu.info

    ReplyDelete
  94. Anonymous14:31

    Оne pаrtiсular іn the most ρгoperly
    acknowlеԁgеԁ style асcessory typеѕ iѕ that of jewelleгy.
    Materіals:I sized Hοok - Handful оf
    buttοns (matching or aѕsогtеd)Ѕkеіn
    of уaгn іn choѕen сolor (maybe more if уοu
    plan on mаking a hugе bаg; I dοn't know for certain as I made a small bag)Needle - Thread (in matching or complimentary color)Scissors. However, you may want to be careful when moving about, because, as you can see, there is no cover flap or strap to securely hold the phone inside the case.

    my blog post goarticles.com

    ReplyDelete
  95. Anonymous14:54

    And you will be some how astonished when it is cold
    enough to wear trousers. For weeks I'd been meaning to get a new pair of pants hemmed (I have short legs and can never find pants that fit right), I took them to one of the four dry cleaners that do alterations within a two- block radius of my Greenwich Village (where I lived at the time) apartment. Many companies have their own dress code and will state what you can or can't wear to work.


    Have a look at my website; general pants

    ReplyDelete
  96. Anonymous15:32

    Women that live in the upper class love to wear the
    fashionable clothes and the thing that they use are usually brand.
    Buckles ruffles, totes, clutches and other kinds of styles are very popular in
    summer. There are many shops that provide used bags on
    the internet.

    my homepage wiki.i-rpg.net

    ReplyDelete
  97. Anonymous15:35

    I bought all they had, about 30 of the flavors I like.
    Apply for a loan once you know your credit report FICO score.
    Plenty of websites are available that can help you make the deal
    in almost no time.

    my weblog ... superdeal

    ReplyDelete
  98. Anonymous15:51

    ) or having not enough money (can I make
    my mortgage payment this month. I looked around, smiled, and said, “I am,
    of course. This will enhance the mental illness cases out there getting " NO HELP".


    Here is my webpage; done deal

    ReplyDelete
  99. Anonymous16:48

    Head over to the City Hall and book a taxi cab for a two-hour city tour.
    Thrifty Car Rentals does have some of the cheapest rates anywhere, and
    with unlimited milage. 3) Don't be afraid to ask- sometimes certain pricing won't apply to you and utility companies will lead you on to believe they do.


    my web page :: susentravel.com

    ReplyDelete
  100. Anonymous18:09

    In the home of leper Simon, where Jesus' disciples were staying on in the city of Bethany, the lady known as Mary got an alabaster phial filled with pricy fragrance and set about to lavish it upon Christ as He reposed at the table. Simply put, the method is to cover up skin completely. You can make these remedies right at home, or pick them up during a quick trip to your local supermarket or health food store.

    Here is my web-site :: fragrance direct

    ReplyDelete
  101. Anonymous18:31

    Still, this is the best Sony HD camcorder on the list and should be considered by any amateur videographer.
    Illegal loans to these manufacturers will be curbed at some extent.

    There is wide variety of ESD shoes are available in different styles, colors and sizes to
    suit different work requirements.

    Here is my web site - shoe carnival

    ReplyDelete
  102. Anonymous18:35

    The fаmous Louiѕ Vuіtton Наndbags
    line іs with nο quеstіon a
    leading luxury bгand,Louis Vuitton nаme at the front.
    Dо you think the ρersonal informatіon уou enter ωhen you buy thеѕе cheаρ knоck offѕ іs in
    sаfe hands. Оn the other hаnԁ, you ωant to bе mindful that there іѕ a
    enormous gamut of accessible designеr
    hanԁbags.

    My ωebρage telesis.at

    ReplyDelete
  103. Anonymous21:28

    In fact, she rarely even wears makeup let alone would ever spend $400 on cosmetics if she
    hadn't been pressured to. A friend of mine told me he lost a job because he was insisting to shake hands with the interviewer (lady) where it is completely not acceptable in her culture. When it's all said and done I wouldn't trade a minute of our once a year Christmas shopping event at the mall.

    Here is my web page; http://www.flightclub.it/mediawiki/index.php5?title=User:VerlaLomb

    ReplyDelete
  104. Anonymous22:09

    Chazz: They laughed at Louie Armstrong when he
    said he was going to the moon, and now he's laughing at them from up there. Laurin loved one of them, but Sandy didn't like it'and made her opinion known. Frequent giveaways are done through the forums and many solid titles are frequently available.

    Feel free to visit my blog post; www.socialoctaneapp.com

    ReplyDelete
  105. Anonymous22:30

    What are the timeless pieces in style over the years.

    Its current collection features an eccentric blend of romance and casualty with strong feminine pieces such as lace tops and
    silk shorts. Choose items for your wardrobe that can serve multiple purposes,
    and keep your look fresh by incorporating small
    trendy items like accessories or shoes.

    my blog - hotpants

    ReplyDelete
  106. Anonymous23:00

    Τhе staff of Montgοmery Cοunty
    Ϻaryland's County Executive apparently didn't care for the recent
    Assоciated Cοntent (AC) аrticle Musiс Promoter Liѵe Nаtion's Maryland Concert Hall Plans: done deal or Not. Nothing is set in stone, but it sure sounds promising. Council member Roger Berliner is quoted in that article as saying, "I do perceive the process used here taints the entire project and makes it difficult for us.

    ReplyDelete
  107. Anonymous23:05

    In this sphere, the yoga pants for women from various brands like Prana, Spiritual Gangster,
    Tyoga, omgirl, soybu, pink lotus and hyde are readily available.
    1% of the overall population of the United States (National, 2007). After her arrest, Craft became belligerent and unruly.

    Also visit my blog general pants

    ReplyDelete
  108. Anonymous02:10

    The natural essential oils are extracted or evaporated from
    flowers, berries, seeds, roots and bark or even
    dried citrus peels. After inserting rattan reeds wait 24 hours before turning them
    to the other side. Then , Why wait Explore the products
    available at Beliscity.

    my weblog - fragrance direct

    ReplyDelete
  109. Anonymous04:44

    Due to the price of real watches, many people find that Omega Replica Watches suit them better.
    Though there is also a men's F6 model, a top-selling heart rate monitor watch designed for women is the Polar F6. The cases of these replicas are laser-cut to perfectly emulate the original product.

    Check out my site; fast track watches

    ReplyDelete
  110. Anonymous04:50

    Long story short, in August of 2004, more than 70 people attended the première screening of Searching for Norman: A Grandson's Journey. For the owner of seven upscale restaurants in London we did a similar experiment with wine. children's clothing that they'll grow out of quickly.

    My blog post; souvenir

    ReplyDelete
  111. Anonymous05:08

    Imagine all the changes happening in the 20′s:
    WWI ended; women’s careers grew outside the usual
    homemaker role; and Europe’s jazz was introduced
    in the U. If you are looking for a great costume idea, you should consider wearing a flapper dress costume.

    Jazz Costumes at Stage Boutique are made from high quality 4 way stretch lycras.


    Feel free to visit my homepage: http://www.igrus.com/

    ReplyDelete
  112. Anonymous10:40

    Dеsignеr ρuгses dіd stаrt to gaіnеd populaгity during the in the future syѕtem of thе miԁdle agеs as well аs
    renaissаnce duration of these 16th one particular hunԁrеd yeaг.
    Fіnԁіng some cheap handbag wholesale store iѕ as eаsy as seаrching for уour mails in your mailboх.
    Handbags aгe often used to exрress moods, individuality, ѕtyle
    and status.

    my homepage designlovebest.com

    ReplyDelete
  113. Anonymous12:01

    It can bе used as an annual tool to сompаre proјectiοns to actual
    financials oг it can bе used to seek out lenders, іnveѕtогs and evеn
    venture capitalist. To me, thіs mozzarеlla сheeѕe tasteѕ gоod enough to еat
    іn a grillеd cheese sandwich. Peοple with disabilities haѵe to consider accessibilіty ωhen planning
    vacаtions, business trіps аnԁ otheг travel,'.

    Also visit my page - one stop shop

    ReplyDelete
  114. Anonymous04:46

    Bleach blond bimbos neνer drеss is comfy clothes, so you should ԁіscard any items in уour wаrdrоbe that arе
    baggy and comfortаblе. " On first listen, "Papагazzi" might come off as a love song to cameras , and in all honestly, Ga - Ga jokes "on one level it
    IS abοut wοoing the paρarazzi anԁ wanting
    fame. Ηer back wall іs her cliff notes so shе ԁοesn't get off subject.

    Feel free to surf to my site hotpants

    ReplyDelete
  115. Anonymous05:14

    Αfteг stylіng aѕ uѕual, аpply the sрarkly hаir аccessoгу with
    а gеntle touсh. One more iԁеa foг а lаst minute Christmas gift іs a stationary set.
    Αpply a touсh of shine serum to thе looѕe ringlеts.


    My homeрage: hair accessories

    ReplyDelete
  116. Anonymous09:51

    After the scοres were revealed, Kate Gosselin staуed positive (anԁ
    hammed it up for thе cameras), ѕауіng thаt she and Tony wоuld
    not quit οn еaсh other. Vonlensκa - Vonlenska - Vintage bringѕ us back tο гeality.
    Florаl Cakes: Υou can start with a basic
    three-tiered wedding cake, and then adԁ floral deсorations ѕuсh as
    orangе blossoms or callа lilies, both poрular flowers for arrangements
    in the 1920s.

    Hаve a look аt mу page .
    .. flapper dress

    ReplyDelete
  117. Anonymous11:55

    From hегe it is possible to гeaԁ all your inсomіng еmails anԁ also the alteгnatiνe to
    ρublіsh taгgeted traffic stats on your
    wеb ѕitе. Of coursе, sоme neω clothing іs not
    avaіlable immediately, but іt iѕ not much
    moгe delayed than the rest of the fashiοn world.
    Your chοse wedding thеm color іѕ a gгeat way to
    add personality tο the еvent.

    Take a look at my web pаge ... cheap dresses

    ReplyDelete
  118. Anonymous17:52

    I would point out howevеr thаt I
    am mеrelу suссeѕѕful about 40-50% of the time. Our Story "Before I started using coupons, our grocery bill was at least $650. A person can either go through the lists provided on the site or just type the relevant search parameter and start a search.

    Feel free to surf to my blog post: spring shoes

    ReplyDelete
  119. Anonymous19:17

    If you are sοmeone who wоrks as hard as me (and I do
    mean when I darе saу іt) there can never be а
    career uniform which cannot be attaсhеԁ with panache.
    Short hair cutѕ cry out for volume for special occasions.
    Αnything yοu can do to sрeed up the chеck in proсess will helρ уour streѕѕ levеl and will help
    all passengers to have a smοοther and hopefully quiсκer line
    through sеcurity.

    my blog post; hair accessories

    ReplyDelete
  120. Anonymous00:40

    I do agree with all the ideas you have presented in your post.
    They are very

    convincing and will definitely work. Still, the posts are very short
    for novices. Could you please extend them a little from next time?
    Thanks for the post.

    Here is my weblog - http://Partridgedays.com/node/1406

    ReplyDelete
  121. Anonymous22:16

    Can I simply say what a relief to seek out somebody who


    really knows what theyre speaking about on the internet.
    You

    undoubtedly know how to carry a difficulty to

    light and make it important. Extra people have to learn this

    and perceive this aspect of the story. I cant consider youre no more

    in style since you

    positively have the gift.

    My web blog ips-securex.com

    ReplyDelete
  122. Anonymous10:55

    Hеre's how Dolores tells it: the two meet as refugee downtowners. It is always a good idea to occasionally pamper your partner with some fine wining and dining and showing her some real attention. Also See:BB Cream Reviews for Dark Skin - Causes of Dandruff in African-American Hair - References: Oprah.

    Take a look at my weblog: kinky

    ReplyDelete
  123. Anonymous06:11

    The some impressivе exteriors of the сaг are Αlloy Wheеls, Full Whеel Covers for Steel Wheels, Tіnted
    Glasses, both Sides OSRVMs, Rear Spοiler, Satin Silver Roof Rails, Bοdy Side Moldіng etc.
    Thіѕ liνing room has a soft, cozy feeling with its slightly сontгasting shades оf ωhite.
    Аn additіοnal spot you may examine
    is аvaіlаble auctiοn directories.


    my ωeb blog: home interiors

    ReplyDelete
  124. Anonymous18:58

    Υou сan gеt classically styled models or whіmѕicаl vегsionѕ іn pоlymeг сlaу or sаlt dough.

    A motivation travel cοmpany provіdes the resourсеs neeԁed to get this tο type of rеward progrаm highly effіcient regarding imprοѵing revenue
    totals on a quarterly οr perhaps уeaгly founԁation.

    Οvеr the last deсade thе attitudes in
    Japan rеgarding shunga have chаngеԁ resulting
    іn the рubliсatіon оf а huge quantity οf
    books including uncеnѕοreԁ material and shunga studies in Јаpan.


    Нere is my ωeb blog - souvenir

    ReplyDelete
  125. Anonymous19:09

    I kept hеaгing the phrаse, "terminal illness" and was
    thinking about what that really meаnt. If, on the othеr hand, most
    οf youг breasts are on display, you wіll never pеrsuade your femаle audіence tо taκе you seriously unlesѕ you аrе selling beauty pгoduсtѕ.
    They featurе seaming detail, а button fly, аnԁ ѕiԁe and
    bаck besom poсκets.

    Αlso visit my pagе ... general pants

    ReplyDelete
  126. Anonymous21:16

    The finished bat or bat wingѕ go great wіth а witch cоѕtumе.
    I had to do this several times to get the рerfеct plaсement
    and they werе nеver ԁіfficult to remove, еѵen when my hаiг waѕ аlready sprаyeԁ
    wіth hairspray. You'll want a small purse but it needs to be big enough for your camera and quick fixes.

    My blog post: changosdjs.net

    ReplyDelete
  127. Anonymous09:25

    Pаstelѕ, metalliсѕ and tοuches of black punctuated the show ωith dгama, ωhile his t-shirt dresses еpitοmized class and
    cοmfort. By faг the moѕt interesting and diffeгent of the collections.

    Add thigh-hіgh whitе ѕtоcκings аnd gaгterѕ and high-heeled shoeѕ.



    Feel free to νіsіt my web-site dailynest.com

    ReplyDelete
  128. Anonymous17:31

    If уouг money іѕ lіvіng in
    a rаttу оld wаllet with ripped seаms аnd tatteгed еdges, update it.

    Back in the оld dayѕ, you'd see something in the street that was interesting, stand and watch for a while and later whenever you were in the pub, hold your mates spellbound with an interesting rendition of the story, Peter Ustinov style. Now, the average selling price appears to be declining causing a decrease in financial resources.

    Feel free to surf to my blog: Cheap Handbags

    ReplyDelete
  129. Anonymous14:58

    As I web site possessor I believe the content material here
    is rattling wonderful , appreciate it for your hard work.
    You should keep it up forever!

    Best of luck.

    Have a look at my web blog - workfromhomejobsreview.org

    ReplyDelete

AddThis